Desarrollo y validación del cuestionario de actividad física para adultos de 65 años y mayores (PAQ-EA): herramienta de evaluación integral

Autores/as

  • Pau Ferrer-Ramos Department of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Research Group in Technology Applied to High Performance and Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Mataró (Spain). Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona (Spain).
  • Noemí Serra-Payá Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), C/ Sant Benito Menni, 18-20, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat (Spain).
  • Manuel V. Garnacho-Castaño Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), C/ Sant Benito Menni, 18-20, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat (Spain).
  • Marcos Faundez-Zanuy Tecnocampus, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain).
  • Mateu Serra-Prat Research Unit, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme (Spain). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain).
  • Elisabet Palomera Research Unit, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme (Spain).
  • Montserrat Girabent-Farrés Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), C/ Sant Benito Menni, 18-20, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat (Spain).

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.116558

Palabras clave:

Estilo de vida activo, Envejecimiento saludable, Fiabilidad test-retest, Met, Personas mayores

Resumen

Introducción: La actividad física es fundamental para un envejecimiento saludable, ya que reduce riesgos como sarcopenia, fragilidad, enfermedades crónicas y mejora el bienestar. Sin embargo, existen pocas herramientas validadas que evalúen de manera integral los patrones de actividad física en adultos mayores de 65 años, especialmente en contextos sociales y familiares.

Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar el Cuestionario de Actividad Física para Adultos Mayores (PAQ-EA).

Metodología: El PAQ-EA se diseñó mediante el método Delphi, con un panel de 8 expertos. El cuestionario consta de 9 ítems que evalúan la actividad física en diferentes intensidades y dominios, incluyendo el comportamiento sedentario. La fiabilidad se analizó en una muestra de 140 participantes (edad media 79.6 ± 5.6 años) mediante un test-retest, utilizando coeficientes de correlación intraclase. Para evaluar la validez de constructo, se compararon las puntuaciones con pruebas de desempeño físico.

Resultados: El PAQ-EA mostró una fiabilidad de buena a excelente. Se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre las puntuaciones del cuestionario y el rendimiento físico, observándose que mayor tiempo sedentario se relaciona con peor desempeño funcional.

Discusión: El PAQ-EA demostró una buena validez y fiabilidad, evaluando también la actividad en contextos sociales, familiares y solitarios. Se identificaron intensidades más bajas en actividades familiares y sociales, aunque relevantes para el bienestar. La inclusión del tiempo sedentario y de actividades básicas cotidianas refuerza su vínculo con la prevención del deterioro funcional en adultos mayores.

Conclusión: El PAQ-EA es una herramienta válida y fiable para la evaluación de la actividad física en adultos mayores, incorporando contextos clave.

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Publicado

23-10-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Ferrer-Ramos, P., Serra-Payá, N., Garnacho-Castaño, M. V., Faundez-Zanuy, M., Serra-Prat, M., Palomera, E., & Girabent-Farrés, M. (2025). Desarrollo y validación del cuestionario de actividad física para adultos de 65 años y mayores (PAQ-EA): herramienta de evaluación integral. Retos, 74, 96-108. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.116558