Modulación de los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo inducido por el ejercicio mediante la suplementación nutracéutica de moringa oleifera en futbolistas: un ensayo aleatorizado doble ciego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117332Palabras clave:
Respuesta de antioxidantes, recuperación del ejercicio , estrategia nutricional, daño oxidativo, entrenamiento de resistenciaResumen
Introducción: La homeostasis redox se ve alterada por el aumento de la intensidad del ejercicio físico, lo que conduce a niveles elevados de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS). Este desequilibrio oxidativo se caracteriza por una reducción en la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes, como la superóxido dismutasa (SOD), y un aumento en los marcadores de peroxidación lipídica, como el malondialdehído (MDA). Moringa oleifera (MO), rica en polifenoles y flavonoides, se considera que ejerce efectos antioxidantes y ayuda a aliviar el estrés oxidativo.
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos agudos de la suplementación con MO sobre los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo tras un ejercicio de carga máxima en atletas de fútbol entrenados.
Método: Se llevó a cabo un ensayo aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado con placebo, con la participación de 22 atletas masculinos de fútbol entrenados. Los participantes recibieron 1000 mg de MO o un placebo antes de realizar sentadillas de alta intensidad hasta el agotamiento. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas t pareadas y correlación de Pearson (p < 0.05).
Resultados: Los datos basales no mostraron diferencias significativas, pero el grupo MO presentó niveles significativamente más altos de SOD y más bajos de MDA en comparación con el grupo placebo a las 1 y 24 horas después del ejercicio (p < 0.01), con fuertes correlaciones negativas entre SOD y MDA a la 1 hora (r = –0.50, p = 0.02) y a las 24 horas (r = –0.71, p < 0.001).
Discusión: La suplementación aguda con MO mejora la defensa antioxidante endógena y reduce el daño oxidativo tras un esfuerzo físico máximo.
Conclusión: Estos hallazgos respaldan el uso de MO como un suplemento de recuperación de origen local en el ámbito deportivo, particularmente útil para mitigar el estrés oxidativo en atletas de alto rendimiento.
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