Exploring the biomechanical factors contributing to Achille Tendon ruptures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.118164Keywords:
Achilles Tendon injuries, biomechanical phenomena, eccentric contraction, muscle strength, rehabilitation, tendon injuriesAbstract
Background: Achilles tendon ruptures represent a significant musculoskeletal problem, particularly among athletes and physically active individuals. Their occurrence is influenced by multiple biomechanical factors that reduce tendon resilience and increase susceptibility to failure.
Aim of the Study: This study aims to examine the main intrinsic and extrinsic biomechanical factors contributing to Achilles tendon rupture and to clarify how their interaction leads to injury.
Methodology: A structured systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted using predefined search, selection, and synthesis criteria to identify studies addressing biomechanical determinants of Achilles tendon rupture.
Results: The evidence indicates several intrinsic risk factors, including age-related structural changes, sex differences, variations in foot arch morphology, muscular imbalance, and pre-existing tendon pathology. Extrinsic contributors such as inappropriate training load, unsuitable footwear, surface characteristics, and sport-specific mechanical demands also play an important role. Rupture most often occurs during excessive eccentric loading or rapid forceful movements that exceed the tendon’s biomechanical capacity.
Discussion: The findings suggest that rupture is best understood as the result of interaction between intrinsic tendon vulnerability and external mechanical stress. Injury becomes more likely when imposed loads surpass the tendon’s structural and functional tolerance, emphasizing the importance of considering both individual susceptibility and activity-related loading conditions.
Conclusion: Understanding these interacting biomechanical factors may improve risk identification, guide preventive strategies, and inform rehabilitation programs aimed at enabling a safe return to physical activity.
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