Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento concurrente sobre la respuesta metabólica, la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida en adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad en atención primaria de salud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.118509Palabras clave:
Obesidad, atención primaria de salud, terapia por ejercicio, calidad de vida, Interleuquina-6Resumen
Introducción: El sobrepeso/obesidad constituye un problema de salud pública global y nacional, asociado con riesgo cardiometabólico, limitación funcional y deterioro de la calidad de vida. En atención primaria de salud (APS) existe evidencia pragmática limitada sobre programas implementados en CESFAM.
Objetivo: Evaluar si un programa de entrenamiento concurrente de 12 semanas en APS se asoció con cambios pre-post en perfil cardiometabólico, desempeño funcional, puntaje total del SF-36 e IL-6 sérica en adultos con sobrepeso/obesidad.
Metodología: Estudio cuasi-experimental pre-post de grupo único en dos CESFAM (La Cisterna, Chile). Adultos de 18 a 60 años con IMC >25 kg/m² realizaron tres sesiones semanales con componentes aeróbicos y de fuerza, además de apoyo educativo y consejería nutricional no estandarizada. Los desenlaces se evaluaron en basal y semana 12. Se utilizaron pruebas de Wilcoxon pareadas y tamaños de efecto mediante r y correlación rank-biserial.
Resultados: Cuarenta participantes completaron evaluaciones (VO₂max estimado n=18). El peso y el IMC se mantuvieron estables. Se observaron cambios favorables en HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglicéridos, VLDL, desempeño funcional, TM6M, VO₂max estimado, puntaje SF-36 e IL-6. El colesterol total aumentó levemente y debe interpretarse con cautela. Los desenlaces funcionales mostraron los mayores tamaños de efecto.
Discusión: En APS pueden observarse cambios cardiometabólicos y funcionales sin pérdidas de peso marcadas; sin embargo, el diseño de grupo único implica que los hallazgos son preliminares y no causales.
Conclusiones: El programa se asoció con mejoras en resistencia a la insulina, perfil lipídico, función, calidad de vida e IL-6. Se requieren estudios controlados para confirmar causalidad.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
