Efeitos de um programa de treino concorrente na resposta metabólica, funcionalidade e qualidade de vida em adultos com excesso de peso ou obesos nos cuidados de saúde primários
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.118509Palavras-chave:
Obesidade, cuidados de saúde primários, terapia com exercício, qualidade de vida, interleucina-6Resumo
Introdução: O excesso de peso/obesidade é um problema de saúde pública global e nacional, associado a risco cardiometabólico, limitações funcionais e comprometimento da qualidade de vida. Nos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP), existem poucas evidências pragmáticas sobre programas implementados em centros de cuidados primários (CESFAMs).
Objectivo: Avaliar se um programa de treino concorrente de 12 semanas na APS estava associado a alterações pré e pós-intervenção no perfil cardiometabólico, desempenho funcional, pontuação total do SF-36 e IL-6 sérica em adultos com excesso de peso/obesidade.
Metodologia: Estudo quase-experimental pré-pós, de grupo único, foi conduzido em dois centros de cuidados primários (La Cisterna, Chile). Adultos dos 18 aos 60 anos com IMC > 25 kg/m² participaram em três sessões semanais com componentes aeróbicos e de força, bem como apoio educacional e aconselhamento nutricional não padronizado. Os desfechos foram avaliados no início do estudo e na 12ª semana. Os testes de Wilcoxon emparelhados e os tamanhos de efeito foram calculados utilizando r e correlação bisserial de postos.
Resultados: Quarenta participantes realizaram as avaliações (VO₂máx estimado n=18). O peso e o IMC mantiveram-se estáveis. Observaram-se alterações favoráveis no HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglicéridos, VLDL, desempenho funcional, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M), VO₂máx estimado, score SF-36 e IL-6. O colesterol total aumentou ligeiramente e deve ser interpretado com precaução. Os resultados funcionais apresentaram os maiores tamanhos de efeito.
Discussão: Alterações cardiometabólicas e funcionais podem ser observadas nos cuidados primários sem perda ponderal significativa; no entanto, o desenho do estudo com um único grupo implica que os achados são preliminares e não causais.
Conclusões: O programa foi associado a melhorias na resistência à insulina, perfil lipídico, função, qualidade de vida e IL-6. Estudos controlados são necessários para confirmar a causalidade.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Eduardo Cifuentes-Silva, Jorge Cancino-Jiménez, Rafael Barra, Francisco Aguirre, Alvaro Guajardo, Leticia Jadue, Esteban Aedo-Muñoz
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