Calidad de vida en adultos mayores: impacto de un programa de ejercicio supervisado de 32 semanas

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v85.119999

Palabras clave:

Envejecimiento, personas mayores, ejercicio físico, atención primaria de salud, calidad de vida

Resumen

Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional plantea un desafío para el mantenimiento de la calidad de vida (CV). En la atención primaria de salud, el ejercicio físico supervisado resulta esencial para preservar el bienestar físico, emocional y social.

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida de personas mayores atendidas en atención primaria a lo largo de 32 semanas de ejercicio físico individualizado, comparando dos grupos de edad (60–69 y 70 años o más).

Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental y longitudinal con 161 personas mayores (68,01 ± 5,46 años) en Unidades Básicas de Salud de Aracaju, Brasil. Se aplicó el módulo WHOQOL-OLD en las evaluaciones diagnóstica, formativa y sumativa.

Resultados: Se observó un aumento significativo del Índice General de Calidad de Vida entre la evaluación diagnóstica y la sumativa (10,52 %; p < 0,001), con mejoras en la autonomía, el funcionamiento sensorial y la participación social, sin diferencias entre los grupos de edad.

Discusión: Los hallazgos confirman que el ejercicio físico actúa como un factor protector de la calidad de vida frente a las pérdidas inherentes al envejecimiento.

Conclusiones: El programa constituye una intervención eficaz en la atención primaria, lo que refuerza la importancia de las políticas públicas orientadas al envejecimiento activo.

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Publicado

30-05-2026

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Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Bastos Andrade Dantas, K., Silvestre Rêgo Lacerda, C. V., Vivone Varejão, R., T. Corey, M., Prado Reis, F., & Martin Dantas, E. H. (2026). Calidad de vida en adultos mayores: impacto de un programa de ejercicio supervisado de 32 semanas. Retos, 84, 248-257. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v85.119999