Uma análise do modelo de Rasch sobre o potencial de liderança entre jovens atletas na Indonésia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v80.118869Palavras-chave:
Potencial de liderança, jovens atletas, modelo de Rasch, liderança desportiva, validação psicométricaResumo
Introdução: A liderança no desporto contemporâneo tem sido entendida como uma capacidade psicossocial que molda a dinâmica da equipa e o desenvolvimento a longo prazo dos atletas. No entanto, o mapeamento empírico do potencial de liderança entre jovens atletas em contextos em desenvolvimento é ainda limitado.
Objectivo: O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar e mapear o potencial de liderança dos jovens atletas na Indonésia utilizando uma abordagem de medição de Rasch, examinando a sua estrutura e diferenças com base no género, actividades de liderança e interesses organizacionais.
Metodologia: Foi utilizado um desenho quantitativo transversal com 642 atletas universitários com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 20 anos. A Escala de Potencial de Liderança Juvenil, composta por 23 itens do tipo Likert, foi adaptada para o indonésio e aplicada online. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o modelo de Rasch para avaliar o ajuste dos itens, a fiabilidade, a dimensionalidade e a distribuição pessoa-item.
Resultados: Os resultados indicaram excelentes propriedades psicométricas, com uma fiabilidade do inquirido de 0,92, uma fiabilidade do item de 1,00 e uma consistência interna de 0,93. A escala demonstrou uma elevada precisão de medição e unidimensionalidade. O item mais difícil foi o relativo à manutenção da concentração sob pressão, enquanto o mais fácil foi o relativo ao conhecimento conceptual das funções de liderança. As diferenças de género não foram substanciais. Um maior potencial de liderança esteve associado à experiência prévia em organizações, ao desempenho em cargos de liderança e a um forte interesse em organizações estudantis.
Discussão: Estes achados estão alinhados com as perspetivas contemporâneas que enfatizam a aprendizagem experiencial e a liderança partilhada, em vez de pressupostos baseados no género. O potencial de liderança pareceu desenvolver-se através da participação ativa em atividades organizacionais e de liderança, em consonância com a investigação que destaca o papel do envolvimento social e da prontidão psicológica no desenvolvimento da capacidade de liderança.
Conclusões: O potencial de liderança entre os jovens atletas foi uma construção dinâmica, moldada mais pela participação experiencial do que pelo género. Um ecossistema de desenvolvimento inclusivo e baseado na experiência é essencial para cultivar jovens líderes adaptáveis e resilientes no desporto e no ensino superior.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Restu Dwi Ariyanto, Laily Tiarani Soejanto, Santy Andrianie, Khairul Bariyyah, Setyorini Setyorini, Wa Rosida, Arifah Wulandari, Elwas Berdha Krismona

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