Physical Education teachers' pedagogical competence after completing professional development: an analysis of stakeholder feedback

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v80.119348

Keywords:

Pedagogical competence, Physical Education, teachers, professional development, feedback

Abstract

Introduction and method. This study employs a descriptive approach using a mixed-methods design, which combines qualitative and quantitative techniques to comprehensively analyze educational phenomena in a real-world context. In the qualitative phase, data were analyzed using NVivo 15 through coding and thematic categorization to identify patterns and generate key constructs. These were then operationalized into indicators that could be measured and tested quantitatively using SmartPLS 4 with a SEM-PLS approach, including the evaluation of measurement models and structural models.

Results. The results of the study indicate that all constructs met the criteria for convergent validity, with factor loadings above 0.70 and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values exceeding 0.50. The R-squared values indicate strong explanatory power, particularly in explaining program effectiveness and program development.

Discussion. The discussion emphasized that the effectiveness of educational programs is greatly influenced by the synergy between teacher competence and institutional readiness.

Conclusion. In conclusion, the success of an educational program depends primarily on the quality of teachers and institutional support.

References

Aibekkyzy, S. P., Atmaca, T., Sarsenbaikyzy, S. G., & Kadyrovna, S. K. (2025). Pedagogical approaches to teaching soft skills in higher education contexts. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2571683

Al Hashimi, N., Al Seyabi, F., Al Busaidi, S., & Hammad, W. (2026). Teacher Professionalism in Omani Schools: Qualitative Insights from the ELT Context. Education Sciences, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16030414

Berhanu, K. Z. (2025). The school principals’ role in developing the professional capital of teachers: evidence from principals and teachers. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 10(3), 352–370. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-11-2023-0077

Channa, W. M., & Sahito, Z. (2022). Effect of Pedagogical Competences of English Language Teachers on Their Students’ Academic Achievement: A Qualitative Study. Theory and Practice in Lan-guage Studies, 12(11), 2274–2281. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1211.06

Crawford, R. (2025). Responding to the De-Professionalisation of Teaching: Empowering Teachers to Enhance Their Pedagogy Through Action Research. Education Sciences, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15030274

Garay Abad, L., & Hattie, J. (2025). The impact of teaching materials on instructional design and teacher development. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1577721

Hordvik, M., & Beni, S. (2024). Signature pedagogies of teacher education in physical education: a sco-ping review. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2024.2352829

Howell, H., Bhatia, A., O’Dwyer, E. P., Kevelson, M., Mikeska, J. N., & Cisterna, D. (2025). Designing Per-formance-Based Professional Development: Stakeholder Views on Essential Competencies and Approaches. Education Sciences, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15020204

Jeong, S. H., Won, J. H., Oh, B. M., Kim, J. J., Leigh, J. H., Shin, G., Lee, S., & Lee, H. Y. (2026). Validation of the Korean Moss Attention Rating Scale in Traumatic Brain Injury: Reliability and Validity. Korean Journal of Neurotrauma, 22(1), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2026.22.e9

Lopes, A., Folque, A., Marta, M., & de Sousa, R. T. (2024). Teacher professionalism towards transforma-tive education: insights from a literature review. Professional Development in Education, 50(5), 832–846. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2235572

Milner, A. L., & Scholkmann, A. (2023). Future teachers for future societies: transforming teacher pro-fessionalism through problem-based professional learning and development. Professional De-velopment in Education, 49(4), 739–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2203173

Milton, D., Appleton, P. R., Bryant, A., & Duda, J. L. (2025). Promoting a more empowering motivatio-nal climate in physical education: a mixed-methods study on the impact of a theory-based professional development programme. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1564671

Monteiro, V., & Passarinho, B. B. (2026). Formative Assessment and Self-Regulated Learning in Lower Secondary Mathematics: Students’ and Teachers’ Perceptions. Education Sciences, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16030452

Nazim, M., & Alzubi, A. A. F. (2025). Empowering EFL teachers’ perceptions of generative AI-mediated self-professionalism. PLOS ONE, 20(6 June). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326735

Park, W., Erduran, S., & Hillier, J. (2025). Building Connections to Teach the Nature of Science: An Ex-perienced Science Teacher’s Formative Assessment Practices in a High School Classroom. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.70029

Qamariah, H., & Hercz, M. (2025). The Impact of Professional Development Programs on English as a Foreign Language Instructors in Higher Education Institutions. Education Sciences, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15081071

Qi, J., & Derakhshan, A. (2026). Teacher Professionalism and Cognitive-Affective Factors: The Predic-tive Power of EFL Teachers’ Continuing Professional Development in Their Agency and Re-flective Teaching. European Journal of Education, 61(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70365

Ranta, S., Kangas, J., Harju-Luukkainen, H., Ukkonen-Mikkola, T., Neitola, M., Kinos, J., Sajaniemi, N., & Kuusisto, A. (2023). Teachers’ Pedagogical Competence in Finnish Early Childhood Educa-tion—A Narrative Literature Review. Education Sciences, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13080791

Sainchuk, M., & Kaplinskyi, V. (2026). Affective-reflective pedagogy in the educational process of teaching theoretical disciplines for PETE students: the Ukrainian case. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2025.2608813

Sieveke, P., Graham, S., Souvignier, E., & Busse, V. (2026). From research to classroom: A mixed-methods investigation into implementing evidence-based writing practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2026.105519

Starreveld, K. M., Overbeek, M. M., Willemen, A. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2026). An obser-vation instrument to assess teacher-child interaction in early elementary education: Develo-pment and psychometric properties of the CCIS-E. Acta Psychologica, 262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106157

Succarie, A. (2024). Examining the Implications of Islamic Teacher Education and Professional Lear-ning: Towards Professional Identity Renewal in Islamic Schools. Education Sciences, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14111192

Suyatno, S., Wantini, W., Pambudi, D. I., Muqowim, M., Tinus, A., & Patimah, L. (2023). Developing Pre-Service Teachers’ Professionalism by Sharing and Receiving Experiences in the Kampus Men-gajar Program. Education Sciences, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020143

Valeo, A., Ahmed, F., & Barkaoui, K. (2026). Writing Feedback in the English Language Teaching Class-room: The Interplay of Context, Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices. RELC Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882261421246

Vauhkonen, A., Azimirad, M., Pasanen, M., Salminen, L., Rinne, J., Kangasniemi, M., Kommusaar, J., Hon-kalampi, K., & Saaranen, T. (2026). Development and psychometric properties of the instru-ment used to measure occupational well-being of health and social care educators. Heliyon, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e44663

Yalçın, M. T., Atasoy, R., & Göçen, A. (2025). Trust, Professionalism and Empowerment: How School Leaders Shape Instructional Practices. European Journal of Education, 60(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70087

Downloads

Published

28-05-2026

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

How to Cite

Pramono, H., Kristiyanto, A., Hanafi, I., & Syamsudin, S. (2026). Physical Education teachers’ pedagogical competence after completing professional development: an analysis of stakeholder feedback. Retos, 80, 1105-1119. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v80.119348