Plyometric exercises to improve jumping ability in basketball players through healthy training

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119018

Keywords:

Force, plyometrics, jump-ability, speed, flight, physical condition, health

Abstract

Introduction: Basketball is a sport that requires continuous explosive movements, which demands the implementation of training methods and techniques that strengthen these skills without putting the athletes' health at risk.

The objective: evaluate the effect of plyometric exercises on increasing jump capacity in young basketball players in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador, with a sustainable approach.

Methods: the research was conducted using a concurrent nested or embedded design with a dominant model (DIAC), where the quantitative approach predominated, complemented by a secondary qualitative component. To collect the data, a force platform was used to facilitate standardized jump tests. A group of 10 athletes were intentionally selected for the study.

Results: showed flight times ranging from 516.80 to 589.33 milliseconds, jump heights between 32.88 and 42.19 centimeters, and takeoff speeds varying between 2.54 and 2.89 meters per second. When comparing the data obtained from the team studied, the results were promising.

Conclusions: this suggest that the athletes were able to rebound effectively against their opponents and make more accurate jump shots without incurring injuries. The study validated the effectiveness of plyometric exercises in improving explosive strength in youth basketball players in Pichincha, while also optimizing their physical condition and helping to prevent sports injuries.

Author Biographies

  • José Vicente Vásconez-Rubio, Sports Concentration in Pichincha, Ecuador

    José Vicente Vásconez-Rubio is an Ecuadorian professional with a distinguished career in the education and sports sectors. From September 2005 to July 2006, he worked as a teacher at the Naval High School and also served as a basketball coach in Valle de los Chillos. Previously, between September 2001 and September 2005, he held the position of Inspector General at the FAE Educational Unit No. 5, located in Latacunga, Ecuador. He is currently pursuing a doctorate in Physical Culture and Sports Sciences through an agreement with the University of Villa Clara in Cuba. In the province of Pichincha, Ecuador, he continues his work as a basketball coach.

  • Antonio Jesús Pérez Sierra, University of Sonora

    Antonio Jesús Pérez-Sierra is a prominent educator and researcher based in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, recognized for his remarkable career in the field of sports science and physical education. He holds two doctorates: one in Scientific and Didactic Innovations in Education from the University of Granada in Spain, and another in Physical Culture Sciences from Manuel Fajardo University in Cuba. He also holds a master’s degree in advanced education from the Enrique José Varona Higher Institute in Havana and a bachelor’s degree in physical education from the José Martí Higher Pedagogical Institute in Camagüey, Cuba. He is currently a member of Mexico's National System of Researchers.

  • Alberto Bautista Sánchez-Oms, Central University “Marta Abreu” of the Villas

    Alberto Bautista Sánchez-Oms is a Cuban academic specializing in sports science, with a particular focus on athletics and biomechanics. He completed his Bachelor's Degree in Athletics at the Manuel Fajardo Higher Institute of Physical Culture between 1977 and 1981. His academic career focuses on coach training and technical analysis of athletic performance. He currently teaches athletics and physical activity at the Marta Abreu Central University in the Villas, Cuba. He has conducted research related to the biomechanics of young sprinters, physical diagnosis in special education, and the application of biomechanical principles in sports training.

  • Juan Manuel Perdomo-Ogando, Central University “Marta Abreu” of the Villas

    Juan Manuel Perdomo-Ogando is a Cuban academic specializing in sports biomechanics and training pedagogy. Since September 2004, he has held the position of professor of Biomechanics at the Faculty of Physical Culture of the Marta Abreu Central University of Las Villas, located in Santa Clara, Cuba. Previously, between 1985 and 2004, he was director and teacher at the Technical and Professional Education Center of the Villas Clara. His areas of research include research methodology, biomechanics applied to sports, and training planning in disciplines such as modern pentathlon

  • Luís Alberto Durazo-Terán, State University of Sonora

    Luis Alberto Durazo-Terán is a Mexican academic and researcher in the field of sports science, affiliated with the State University of Sonora (UES). His work focuses on topics related to health, physical activity, and athletic performance. Durazo-Terán holds a Doctorate in Physical Culture Sciences (DCCF) and is a full-time professor in the Bachelor's Degree in Sports Training (LED). His academic career is marked by significant contributions to data analysis and the validation of tools within the sports context. In addition to his teaching work, he actively participates as a researcher in training projects and theses within the UES. He has conducted research on topics such as obesity among students, as well as interpersonal styles used in physical education and training.

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Borukova, M., & & Kalinov, I. (2024). Assessment of 16-year-old female basketball players with chronojump system. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 8(1), 27-34. doi:10.37393/jass.2024.01.3

Button, K. S., Ioannidis, J. P., Mokrysz, C., Nosek, B. A., Flint, J., Robinson, E. S., & Munafò, M. R. (2013). Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuro-science. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 14(5), 365–376. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3475

Calero, S., Villavicencio-Alvarez, V. E., Flores-Abad, E., & Monroy-Antón, A. J. (2024). Pedagogical control scales of vertical jumping performance in untrained adolescents (13-16 years): research by strata. PeerJ, 12(e17298), 1-17. doi:10.7717/peerj.17298

Chaturvedi, R., Muwal, M., Joshi , S., Bagri, M., & Ran, V. (2023). Efeito do treinamento pliométrico de curta duração no salto vertical e velocidade de sprint em jogadores de vôlei. Revista Pesquisa Em Fisioterapia, 13, 1-10. doi:10.17267/2238-2704rpf.2023.e5028

de Oliveira, N. T., Medeiros, T. M., Vianna, K. B., Oliveira, G. D., de Araujo Ribeiro-Alvares, J. B., & Baroni, B. M. (2020). A four-week training program with the nordic hamstring exercise during preseason increases eccentric strength of male soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 15(4), 571-578. Obtenido de https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7735695/

Domínguez, N. I., Candia-Luján, R., Candia-Sosa, K. F., Acosta-Carreño, R. E., & Herrera-Covarrubias, C. I. (2025). Ejercicio excéntrico como protocolo de intervención para la profilaxis y rehabilitación de lesiones en deportistas. Una revisión sistemática. Retos, 63, 144-155. doi:10.47197/retos.v63.109 36

Fernández, L. M., Casado, A., & Domínguez, R. (2024). Evaluación y prescripción del salto vertical y horizontal en futbolistas. Revisión narrative. Retos, 52, 410-420. doi:10.47197/retos.v52.101834

Game, K. M., Vinueza Burgos, G. d., Icaza Rivera, D. P., & Calero Morales, S. (2024). Efectos de las estrategias colaborativas en el proceso académico de enseñanza-aprendizaje de voleibolistas prejuveniles. Retos, 61, 1172-1183. doi:10.47197/retos.v61.109363

García, J., Ruiz Loaces, Y., & Herrera Delgado, Í. (2021). Análisis del salto vertical de voleibolistas de primera categoría. PODIUM Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología en la Cultura Física, 16(3), 905-916. Obtenido de https://podium.upr.edu.cu/index.php/podium/article/view/1124

García, L. O., & García, T. R. (2023). Análisis de la saltabilidad en atletas juveniles femeninas de voleibol. Revista de Ciencia y Deporte, 8(2), 256-271. Obtenido de http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/cyd/v8n2/2223-1773-cyd-8-02-256.pdf

González, J. J., Jiménez Reyes, P., & Ramírez Lechuga, J. (2017). The determining factors of the Squat Jump in sprinting and jumping athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58(15), 15-22. doi:10.1515/hukin-2017-0067

Guachamín, M. A., & Hidalgo, R. (2024). Ejercicios pliométricos para la prevención de lesiones del tren inferior en jóvenes del gimnasio profit GYM. InnDev, 3(1), 26-39. doi:10.69583/inndev.v3n1.2024.110

Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, M. d. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6.ª ed.). Editorial McGraw-Hill. Obtenido de https://apiperiodico.jalisco.gob.mx/api/sites/periodicooficial.jalisco.gob.mx/files/metodologia_de_la_investigacion_-_roberto_hernandez_sampieri.pdf

Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 41(1), 3–13. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278

Huang, W. Y., Wu, C. E., & Huang, H. (2024). The Effects of Plyometric Training on the Per-formance of Three Types of Jumps and Jump Shots in College-Level Male Basketball Ath-letes. Applied Sciences, 14(24), 1-17. doi:10.3390/app142412015

Impellizzeri, F. M., Marcora, S. M., & Coutts, A. (International Journal of Physiology and Sports Performance de 2019). Internal and External Training Load: 15 Years Later. International Journal of Physiology and Sports Performance, 14(2), 270-273. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0935

Kerby, D. S. (2014). The simple difference formula: An approach to teaching nonparametric correlation. Comprehensive Psychology,, 3, 2165–2228. doi:10.2466/11.IT.3.1

Li, N. (2025). A Biomechanical Perspective on Evaluating the Effectiveness of Explosive Power Training in Basketball Players. Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics, 22(3), 1-18. doi:10.62617/mcb1463

Martínez, W., López, F., Acosta, P., & Sanabria, Y. (2019). Una mirada bibliográfica sobre la influencia de la pliometría en el tren inferior en baloncesto. Revista Actividad Física y Deporte, 6(1), 179-193. Obtenido de https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/rdafd/article/view/1438

Morales, N. R. (2021). Entrenamiento de la pliometría en el jugador de Baloncesto. Una revisión sistemática. Polo del Conocimiento. Revista científico-profesional, 6(9), 2111-2133. Obtenido de https://polodelconocimiento.com/ojs/index.php/es/article/view/3158/6956

Moscoso, P. F. (2024). Desarrollo del prototipo de un dispositivo para la medición de parámetros del salto vertical “ups jump. Ecuador: Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. Sede Cuenca. Obtenido de https://dspace.ups.edu.ec/handle/123456789/28415

Peinado, E., Mora Murillo, C. A., & Hutchison Salazar, L. A. (2024). Entrenamiento de la fuerza en niños y adolescentes: Una Revisión Sistemática año 2018-2022. Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity, 10(1), 158-187. doi:10.17979/sportis.2024.10.1.9759

Pin-Manobanda, C. L. (20Benavides, L., Salazar Orellana, C., & Díaz Coria , G. (2024). Relación de la altura de salto con las variables mecánicas de la sentadilla en deportistas juveniles. Revista Ciencia y Deporte, 9(2), 1-18. http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/cyd/v9n2/2223-1773-cyd-9-02-256.pdf

Bernate, J., Fino, M., Sarmiento, J., & Fonseca, I. (2026). Tendencias del entrenamiento pliométrico y el rendimiento físico en el fútbol: una revisión sistemática. Retos, 77, 117-128. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.112097

Borukova, M., & & Kalinov, I. (2024). Assessment of 16-year-old female basketball players with chronojump system. Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 8(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.37393/jass.2024.01.3

Button, K. S., Ioannidis, J. P., Mokrysz, C., Nosek, B. A., Flint, J., Robinson, E. S., & Munafò, M. R. (2013). Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuro-science. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 14(5), 365–376. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3475

Calero, S., Villavicencio-Alvarez, V. E., Flores-Abad, E., & Monroy-Antón, A. J. (2024). Pedagogical control scales of vertical jumping performance in untrained adolescents (13-16 years): research by strata. PeerJ, 12(e17298), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17298

Chaturvedi, R., Muwal, M., Joshi , S., Bagri, M., & Ran, V. (2023). Efeito do treinamento pliométrico de curta duração no salto vertical e velocidade de sprint em jogadores de vôlei. Revista Pesquisa Em Fisioterapia, 13, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.17267/2238-2704rpf.2023.e5028

de Oliveira, N. T., Medeiros, T. M., Vianna, K. B., Oliveira, G. D., de Araujo Ribeiro-Alvares, J. B., & Baroni, B. M. (2020). A four-week training program with the nordic hamstring exercise during preseason increases eccentric strength of male soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 15(4), 571-578. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7735695/

Domínguez, N. I., Candia-Luján, R., Candia-Sosa, K. F., Acosta-Carreño, R. E., & Herrera-Covarrubias, C. I. (2025). Ejercicio excéntrico como protocolo de intervención para la profilaxis y rehabilitación de lesiones en deportistas. Una revisión sistemática. Retos, 63, 144-155. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.109 36

Fernández, L. M., Casado, A., & Domínguez, R. (2024). Evaluación y prescripción del salto vertical y horizontal en futbolistas. Revisión narrative. Retos, 52, 410-420. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101834

Game, K. M., Vinueza Burgos, G. d., Icaza Rivera, D. P., & Calero Morales, S. (2024). Efectos de las estrategias colaborativas en el proceso académico de enseñanza-aprendizaje de voleibolistas prejuveniles. Retos, 61, 1172-1183. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109363

García, J., Ruiz Loaces, Y., & Herrera Delgado, Í. (2021). Análisis del salto vertical de voleibolistas de primera categoría. PODIUM Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología en la Cultura Física, 16(3), 905-916. https://podium.upr.edu.cu/index.php/podium/article/view/1124

García, L. O., & García, T. R. (2023). Análisis de la saltabilidad en atletas juveniles femeninas de voleibol. Revista de Ciencia y Deporte, 8(2), 256-271. http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/cyd/v8n2/2223-1773-cyd-8-02-256.pdf

González, J. J., Jiménez Reyes, P., & Ramírez Lechuga, J. (2017). The determining factors of the Squat Jump in sprinting and jumping athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58(15), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0067

Guachamín, M. A., & Hidalgo, R. (2024). Ejercicios pliométricos para la prevención de lesiones del tren inferior en jóvenes del gimnasio profit GYM. InnDev, 3(1), 26-39. https://doi.org/10.69583/inndev.v3n1.2024.110

Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, M. d. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6.ª ed.). Editorial McGraw-Hill. https://apiperiodico.jalisco.gob.mx/api/sites/periodicooficial.jalisco.gob.mx/files/metodologia_de_la_investigacion_-_roberto_hernandez_sampieri.pdf

Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 41(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278

Huang, W. Y., Wu, C. E., & Huang, H. (2024). The Effects of Plyometric Training on the Per-formance of Three Types of Jumps and Jump Shots in College-Level Male Basketball Ath-letes. Applied Sciences, 14(24), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142412015

Impellizzeri, F. M., Marcora, S. M., & Coutts, A. (International Journal of Physiology and Sports Performance de 2019). Internal and External Training Load: 15 Years Later. International Journal of Physiology and Sports Performance, 14(2), 270-273. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0935

Kerby, D. S. (2014). The simple difference formula: An approach to teaching nonparametric correlation. Comprehensive Psychology,, 3, 2165–2228. https://doi.org/10.2466/11.IT.3.1

Li, N. (2025). A Biomechanical Perspective on Evaluating the Effectiveness of Explosive Power Training in Basketball Players. Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics, 22(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.62617/mcb1463

Martínez, W., López, F., Acosta, P., & Sanabria, Y. (2019). Una mirada bibliográfica sobre la influencia de la pliometría en el tren inferior en baloncesto. Revista Actividad Física y Deporte, 6(1), 179-193. https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/rdafd/article/view/1438

Morales, N. R. (2021). Entrenamiento de la pliometría en el jugador de Baloncesto. Una revisión sistemática. Polo del Conocimiento. Revista científico-profesional, 6(9), 2111-2133. https://polodelconocimiento.com/ojs/index.php/es/article/view/3158/6956

Moscoso, P. F. (2024). Desarrollo del prototipo de un dispositivo para la medición de parámetros del salto vertical “ups jump. Ecuador: Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. Sede Cuenca. https://dspace.ups.edu.ec/handle/123456789/28415

Peinado, E., Mora Murillo, C. A., & Hutchison Salazar, L. A. (2024). Entrenamiento de la fuerza en niños y adolescentes: Una Revisión Sistemática año 2018-2022. Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity, 10(1), 158-187. https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2024.10.1.9759

Pin-Manobanda, C. L. (2025). Ejercicios pliométricos para el entrenamiento de la fuerza explosiva en karatecas juveniles. Revista Interdisciplinaria de Educación, Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte, 2(1), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.70262/riesafd.v2i1.2025.52

Prado , D., Caldas-Baca, V., Súarez-Paz, H., Ccorahua-Espinoza, A., Olivera Palomino, D., Peña-Paredes, M., . . . Bravo-Cucci, S. (2025). Efecto de dos tipos de caminata en el desempeño del test de salto Abalakov. Retos, 73, 1332-1341. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117981

R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Versión 4.0). Software: https://www.r-project.org

Suárez, C., Ferioli, D., Marín Cascales, E., Rago, V., Spyrou, K., Martínez Serrano, A., . . . FreitaS, T. (2025). Perfil de las características de salto con contramovimiento de jugadores de baloncesto en niveles competitivos y posiciones de juego. Revista de Cinética Humana, 96(83-95). https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/196138

Tangarife, L. C., López Charria, C. A., Montes-Garces, O. S., Zapata Gi, S., & Afanador-Restrepo, D. F. (2026). Efectos del entrenamiento excéntrico vs entrenamiento neuromuscular sobre la prevención de lesiones en jugadores de fútbol: una revisión sistemática. Retos, 300-316. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.116574

Tauda , M., Cruzat Bravo, E., & Ergas Schleef, D. (2025b). Análisis comparativo de las capacidades físicas y variables de rendimiento en equipos juveniles de baloncesto: un enfoque descriptivo y correlacional. Retos, 67, 57-71. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.109430

Tauda, M. (2024). Análisis de la correlación entre consumo máximo de oxígeno la potencia de salto y parámetros fisiológicos en jugadores de baloncesto. Retos, 59, 864-880. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107603

Tauda, M., & Ergas, D. (2025a). Perfil de rendimiento físico en baloncesto juvenil: comparación de poten-cia anaeróbica, potencia de salto y vo2max según posición de juego. Retos, 64, 79-98. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.109489

The jamovi project. (2021). Jamovi (versión 1.8). Software: https://www.jamovi.org

25). Ejercicios pliométricos para el entrenamiento de la fuerza explosiva en karatecas juveniles. Revista Interdisciplinaria de Educación, Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte, 2(1), 61-73. doi:10.70262/riesafd.v2i1.2025.52

Prado , D., Caldas-Baca, V., Súarez-Paz, H., Ccorahua-Espinoza, A., Olivera Palomino, D., Peña-Paredes, M., . . . Bravo-Cucci, S. (2025). Efecto de dos tipos de caminata en el desempeño del test de salto Abalakov. Retos, 73, 1332-1341. doi:10.47197/retos.v73.117981

R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Versión 4.0). Obtenido de Software: https://www.r-project.org

Suárez, C., Ferioli, D., Marín Cascales, E., Rago, V., Spyrou, K., Martínez Serrano, A., . . . FreitaS, T. (2025). Perfil de las características de salto con contramovimiento de jugadores de baloncesto en niveles competitivos y posiciones de juego. Revista de Cinética Humana, 96(83-95). doi:10.5114/jhk/196138

Tangarife, L. C., López Charria, C. A., Montes-Garces, O. S., Zapata Gi, S., & Afanador-Restrepo, D. F. (2026). Efectos del entrenamiento excéntrico vs entrenamiento neuromuscular sobre la prevención de lesiones en jugadores de fútbol: una revisión sistemática. Retos, 300-316. doi:10.47197/retos.v76.116574

Tauda , M., Cruzat Bravo, E., & Ergas Schleef, D. (2025b). Análisis comparativo de las capacidades físicas y variables de rendimiento en equipos juveniles de baloncesto: un enfoque descriptivo y correlacional. Retos, 67, 57-71. doi:10.47197/retos.v67.109430

Tauda, M. (2024). Análisis de la correlación entre consumo máximo de oxígeno la potencia de salto y parámetros fisiológicos en jugadores de baloncesto. Retos, 59, 864-880. doi:10.47197/retos.v59.107603

Tauda, M., & Ergas, D. (2025a). Perfil de rendimiento físico en baloncesto juvenil: comparación de poten-cia anaeróbica, potencia de salto y vo2max según posición de juego. Retos, 64, 79-98. doi:10.47197/retos.v64.109489

The jamovi project. (2021). Jamovi (versión 1.8). Obtenido de Software: https://www.jamovi.org

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Published

02-07-2026

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Vol. 80 (2026)

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Original Research Article

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Copyright (c) 2026 José Vicente Vásconez-Rubio, Antonio Jesús Pérez Sierra, Alberto Bautista Sánchez-Oms; Juan Manuel Perdomo-Ogando; Luís Alberto Durazo-Terán, Manuel Francisco De la Cruz Ortega, Héctor Duarte Félix

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Vásconez-Rubio, J. V., Pérez Sierra, A. J., Sánchez-Oms, A. B., Durazo-Terán, L. A., De la Cruz Ortega, M. F., & Duarte Félix, H. (2026). Plyometric exercises to improve jumping ability in basketball players through healthy training. Retos, 80, 1574-1588. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119018