Life skills in amateur beach volleyball athletes: a comparative analysis by age group and practice time

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119108

Keywords:

Psychosocial aspects in sports, Sports psychology, Volleyball players

Abstract

Introduction: Sport is recognized as a favorable environment for the development of transferable psychosocial skills; however, scientific production involving amateur beach volleyball athletes remains limited.

Objective: To compare the perception of the development of life skills in amateur beach volleyball athletes according to age group and years of practice.

Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study included 238 amateur athletes, of whom 52.9% were male, with a median age of 28 years and a median of 10 years of sports experience. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Life Skills in Sport Scale (P-LSSS), composed of 43 items, distributed across eight dimensions, were administered. Participants were stratified by median into two independent groups according to age (< 28 and ≥ 28 years) and time spent practicing the sport (< 10 and ≥ 10 years). Comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, adopting a significance level of p<0.05.

Results: Athletes aged 28 or older showed significantly higher scores in goal setting (p = 0.023; r = 0.15), problem-solving and decision-making (p = 0.014; r = 0.17), emotional skills (p = 0.004; r = 0.23), time management (p = 0.012; r = 0.18), and communication (p = 0.020; r = 0.16). Similarly, athletes with ≥ 10 years of practice also obtained higher scores in these dimensions (p ≤ 0.049; r = 0.12–0.22).

Discussion: Age and sports experience showed consistent associations with self-regulatory skills.

Conclusion: Older age and a longer practice time were associated with higher levels of life skills in the investigated context.

References

Bean, C. N., & Forneris, T. (2016). Examining the importance of intentionally structuring the youth sport context to facilitate positive youth development. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(4), 410–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1164764

Camiré, M., & Santos, F. (2019). Promoting positive youth development and life skills in youth sport: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Sport Pedagogy and Research, 5(1), 27–34.

Ciocanel, O., Power, K., Eriksen, A., & Gillings, K. (2017). Effectiveness of positive youth development interventions: A meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(3), 483–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0555-6

Cronin, L. D., & Allen, J. (2017). Development and initial validation of the Life Skills Scale for Sport. Psy-chology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.11.001

Cronin, L. D., & Allen, J. (2018). Examining the relationships among the coaching climate, life skills de-velopment and well-being in sport. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 13(6), 815–827. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954118787949

Danish, S. J., & Taylor, T. E. (1983). Sport as a context for teaching life skills. Perspectives in Education, 5, 169–176.

Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-135

Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Inform-ing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behav-ioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98

Wright, S. M., Lee, B., Belzer, L. T., Goodwin, E. J., & Colvin, J. D. (2025). Understaffed home nursing and wellbeing of families of children with medical complexity. Children, 12(4), 455.

Fraser-Thomas, J. L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2005). Youth sport programs: An avenue to foster positive youth development. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 10(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/1740898042000334890

Freire, G. L. M., Nascimento Junior, J. R. A., Oliveira, D. V., Fiorese, L., & Cronin, L. D. (2021). Do age and time of practice predict the development of life skills among youth futsal practitioners? Cua-dernos de Psicología del Deporte, 21(1), 135–145.

Freire, G. L. M., Nascimento Junior, J. R. A., Oliveira, D. V., Fiorese, L., & Cronin, L. D. (2021). Percepção do desenvolvimento de habilidades para vida em jovens praticantes de modalidades esportivas com e sem deficiência. Psicologia e Saúde em Debate, 7(1), 256–267. https://doi.org/10.22289/2446-922X.V7N1A18

Freire, G. L. M., Nascimento Junior, J. R. A., Oliveira, D. V., Fiorese, L., & Cronin, L. D. (2023). Estudo comparativo do desenvolvimento de habilidades para vida em escolares praticantes de futsal em razão da idade e tempo de prática. Educação On-line, 18(42), e231811. https://doi.org/10.36556/eol.v18i42.1130

Freire, G. L. M., Nascimento Junior, J. R. A., Oliveira, D. V., Fiorese, L., & Cronin, L. D. (2020). Desenvol-vimento de habilidades para vida em adolescentes praticantes de esportes individuais. Re-search, Society and Development, 9(8), e154985557. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5557

Gould, D., & Carson, S. (2008). Life skills development through sport: Current status and future direc-tions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(1), 58–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840701834573

Holt, N. L., & Neely, K. C. (2011). Positive youth development through sport: A review. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 6(2), 299–316.

Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., Phelps, E., Gestsdóttir, S., Naudeau, S., Jelicic, H., Alberts, A. E., Ma, L., Smith, L. M., Bobek, D. L., Richman-Raphael, D., Simpson, I., Christiansen, E. D., & von Eye, A. (2005). Positive youth development, participation in community youth devel-opment programs, and community contributions of fifth-grade adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 17–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431604272461

Melo, S. V. A., Nascimento Junior, J. R. A., Freire, G. L. M., Oliveira, D. V., & Fiorese, L. (2022). Habilidades para vida e as necessidades psicológicas básicas de atletas universitários. Saúde e Pesquisa, 15(4), e10408. https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2022v15n4.e10917

Mossman, G. J., & Cronin, L. D. (2019). Life skills development and enjoyment in youth soccer: The im-portance of parental behaviours. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(8), 850–856. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1530580

Nascimento Junior, J. R. A., Fortes, L. S., Freire, G. L. M., Oliveira, D. V., Fiorese, L., & Cronin, L. D. (2020). Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Life Skills Scale for Sport. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 24(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2019.1647208

Ouaddou, A., et al. (2026). Moroccan adults’ perceptions of amateur sports as a tool for developing life skills: Leadership and decision-making. Millenium, 2(23), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0223.42243

Rodrigues, J. M., Nascimento Junior, J. R. A., Freire, G. L. M., Oliveira, D. V., & Fiorese, L. (2023). Fatores de motivação e de desenvolvimento de habilidades para vida em jovens atletas: Um estudo comparativo. Conexões, 21, e023023. https://doi.org/10.20396/conex.v21i00.8671898.

Downloads

Published

02-07-2026

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

How to Cite

Baroni Araujo, G., dos Santos Oliveira, I. F., Bember Lofiego, B., Teixeira Fernandes, P., Fiorese, L., & Serassuelo Junior, H. (2026). Life skills in amateur beach volleyball athletes: a comparative analysis by age group and practice time. Retos, 80, 1528-1537. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119108