Entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en la diabetes tipo 1: una revisión sistemática de ensayos aleatorizados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.119038Palabras clave:
Capacidad cardiovascular, enfermedades del sistema endocrino, entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad, metanálisisResumen
Introducción: Los pacientes con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) pueden experimentar una capacidad cardiorrespiratoria reducida y alteraciones en las variables metabólicas. Como complemento, el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) puede ser una opción, capaz de influir en resultados relevantes y factores de riesgo para esta población.
Objetivo: Revisar sistemáticamente los efectos del HIIT en DM1, en comparación con un grupo de control o entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT), sobre los resultados de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, perfil glucémico, perfil lipídico, composición corporal y presión arterial.
Metodología: Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, PEDro y SPORTDiscus, y se consideraron estudios publicados hasta febrero de 2025. El metaanálisis se realizó utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios y se presentó como diferencia de medias (DM) con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC del 95%).
Resultados: Se identificaron quinientos noventa estudios y, tras la selección, cuatro estudios quedaron para el análisis. El HIIT aumentó el consumo de oxígeno (VO2) en 3,62 ml/kg/min (IC del 95 %: 1,01, 6,23) en comparación con el grupo control. No hubo diferencia en la comparación entre HIIT y MICT (DM 2,06 ml/kg/min, IC del 95 %: -0,90, 5,01). En comparación con el grupo control, el HIIT no mostró diferencias en los demás resultados.
Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que el HIIT es una herramienta potencial para mejorar la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y demostró efectos similares a los del MICT en individuos con DM1.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Caroline Montagner Pippi, Anelise Lunardi Delevati, Natiele Camponogara Righi, Luis Ulisses Signori, Antônio Marcos Vargas da Silva
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- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
