Efeito da coativação muscular na economia de corrida em corredores de fundo treinados

Autores

  • Cristopher Moya Jofré 1 Departamento de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, (España). 2 Laboratorio Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiología del Esfuerzo, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago (Chile). 3 Servicio de Rehabilitación, laboratorio de Biomecánica. Hospital del trabajador, Santiago (Chile).
  • Mikel Izquierdo Redín Departamento de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, (España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1506-4272
  • Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas Universidad de los Andes. Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-4867

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117355

Palavras-chave:

Biomecânica, coativação muscular, eletromiografia, economia de corrida, exercícios

Resumo

Introdução: A coativação muscular é um fator determinante na economia da corrida.

Objectivos: O objectivo foi analisar a relação entre a coactivação muscular e a economia de corrida em corredores de fundo.

Métodos: Doze corredores treinados (32,1 ± 4,7 anos) realizaram duas corridas às velocidades de 12 km/h e 20 km/h, com a duração de 5 minutos cada. Durante os testes foram registados os dados das trocas gasosas e da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos dos membros inferiores. Os índices de coativação foram calculados entre os seguintes músculos: reto femoral/bíceps femoral; reto femoral/gastrocnémio; reto femoral/glúteo médio; tibial anterior/gastrocnémio; e tibial anterior/fibular lateral. Estes foram avaliados nos últimos 100 ms da fase de balanço e nos primeiros 50 ms da fase de apoio inicial. As associações entre as variáveis ​​foram analisadas através da correlação de Spearman. As correlações significativas foram as associadas a um valor de p < 0,05.

Resultados: Observou-se uma correlação significativa e inversa na fase de apoio entre a coativação do reto femoral/gastrocnémio e o gasto energético (r = –0,599, p = 0,043). Da mesma forma, foi observada uma correlação significativa e inversa entre o pico de ativação do bíceps femoral e a exigência energética (r = –0,629, p = 0,031). Ambas as correlações ocorreram a 20 km/h.

Conclusão: A coativação e o pico de ativação dos músculos biarticulares (reto femoral, gastrocnémio e bíceps femoral) estiveram associados a um menor dispêndio energético. Estes achados podem representar uma estratégia neuromecânica que favorece a transferência de energia entre as articulações da extremidade inferior, melhorando assim a economia de corrida em corredores de longa distância treinados.

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Publicado

08-11-2025

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Moya Jofré, C., Izquierdo Redín, M., & Guzmán-Venegas, R. (2025). Efeito da coativação muscular na economia de corrida em corredores de fundo treinados. Retos, 74, 86-95. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117355